Toward a comprehensive analysis of pesticide use in Cambodian rice farming and identification of levers for its reduction

Réduire l’utilisation des pesticides agricoles dans les pays du Sud : verrous et leviers socio-techniques / Reducing the use of agricultural pesticides in Southern countries: socio-technical barriers and levers. Coordonnateurs : Ludovic Temple, Nathalie Jas, Fabrice Le Bellec, Jean-Noël Aubertot, Olivier Dangles, Jean-Philippe Deguine, Catherine Abadie, Eveline Compaore Sawadogo, François-Xavier Cote

Open Access

Table 2

Agronomic characteristics of surveyed plots by rice production system.

Caractéristiques agronomiques des parcelles par systèmes rizicoles.

Variables	Rice production systems
	One cycle-system	Two cycle-system	Three cycle-system
Percentage of rice plot (%)	40	48	12
Distribution by province (%)
Battambang	0	93.10	6.90
Kampong Thom	56.67	43.33	0
Kampong Cham	56.67	33.33	10
Kampong Speu	70	30	0
Prey Veng	53.33	30	16.67
Siem Reap	36.67	63.33	0
Takeo	10	43.33	46.67
Average plot size (ha)	0.68 ± 0.71	0.89 ± 1.03	0.56 ± 0.43
Rice varieties (%)
Early-maturing	32.94	92.50	98.61
Medium-maturing	32.94	7.50	1.39
Late-maturing	34.12	0	0
Inputs (mean ± SD)
Seed rate per cycle (kg/ha per cycle)	194 ± 109^a	253 ± 90.5^b	369 ± 213^c***
Number of fertilizer applications per rice crop cycle (time/cycle)	1.76 ± 0.83^a	2.44 ± 0.65^b	2.71 ± 0.54^c***
Quantity of fertilizer used per rice crop cycle (kg/ha/cycle)	189 ± 150^a	284 ± 130^b	356 ± 133c***
Number of pesticide applications per rice crop cycle (time/cycle)	2.57 ± 1.63^a	4.19 ± 1.92^b	4.55 ± 1.25^b***
Number of products per rice crop cycle (unit/cycle)	3.77 ± 2.67^a	6.12 ± 3.54^b	7.73 ± 3.66^c***
Number of pesticides per application (unit/application)	1.46 ± 0.80^a	1.46 ± 0.86^a	1.70 ± 0.94^b***
Quantity of pesticide per rice crop cycle (kg/ha/cycle)	2.74 ± 3.06^a	3.75 ± 3.60^a	5.11 ± 3.66^b***
Yield per cycle (tonnes/ha)	3.76 ± 1.89^a	4.45 ± 1.58^b	5.53 ± 1.42^c***

Within a row, means with different superscript letters ^(a,b,c) differ significantly (p<0.01); *** represents p<0.01 significant level; t/ha − 1,000 kg per hectare

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