Table 3
Structure, dairy farming practices, and technical-economic performance of dairy farm.
Structure, pratiques d’élevage laitier et performances technico-économiques des fermes laitières.
| Variables | Pattern of sustainability | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (n = 77) | 2 (n = 89) | 3 (n = 84) | 4 (n = 60) | 5 (n = 45) | |
| Structure | |||||
| Total land (m2) | 3060 ± 3440ab | 2620 ± 2810b | 3190 ± 3790ab | 4660 ± 5700a | 4580 ± 5470ab |
| Incl. owned land (m2) | 1224 | 1341 | 1371 | 2334 | 2486 |
| Contribution of own land to total land (%) NS | 40.1 ± 41.2 | 51.2 ± 43.8 | 43 ± 40.6 | 50.1 ± 40.3 | 54.3 ± 35.8 |
| Total workers (person) | 2.1 ± 0.6ab | 2.2 ± 0.7a | 1.9 ± 0.7b | 1.9 ± 0.9ab | 1.9 ± 0.7ab |
| Experience in dairying (years) | 10.8 ± 5.6 | 12.8 ± 9.1 | 11.5 ± 6.3 | 15.5 ± 9.1 | 14.5 ± 8.9 |
| Herd size (AU) | 2.3 ± 1d | 3 ± 1.6cd | 3.8 ± 1.7bc | 7 ± 4.8a | 4.3 ± 3b |
| Lactating cow (AU) | 1.7 ± 0.8c | 2.2 ± 1.5bc | 2.8 ± 1.5b | 5 ± 3.6a | 3 ± 2.2b |
| Dairy farming practices | |||||
| Quantity of forage (kg/cow/day) | 53.1 ± 23.3a | 44.1 ± 19.6b | 45.1 ± 20.7ab | 34.5 ± 17.3c | 46.5 ± 21.2ab |
| Quantity of concentrate (kg DM/cow/day) NS | 5.5 ± 3 | 6.1 ± 2.8 | 5.9 ± 2.8 | 5.5 ± 2.8 | 6.3 ± 3 |
| Working hours (hours/farm/day) NS | 9.6 ± 5.1 | 10.6 ± 4.8 | 10.3 ± 4.2 | 11.7 ± 6.6 | 10 ± 4.7 |
| Technical-economic performance | |||||
| Milk sold to cooperative (liters/farm/month) | 640 ± 332b | 733 ± 480b | 862 ± 433b | 1782 ± 1413a | 994 ± 713b |
| Milk productivity (liters milk sold/LU/day) NS | 9.5 ± 4.1 | 8.5 ± 3.3 | 8 ± 3.2 | 8.5 ± 3.9 | 8.4 ± 3.9 |
| Milk productivity per lactating cow (liters milk sold /lactating cow/day) NS | 12.5 ± 4.4 | 12.2 ± 5.9 | 11 ± 4.3 | 12.3 ± 5.9 | 11.8 ± 4.7 |
| Dairy income (US$/farm/year) | 1561b | 1718b | 1643b | 3877a | 2375b |
| Contribution dairy income to total income (%) | 58.9 ± 21.4b | 85.6 ± 29.3a | 82.1 ± 31.5a | 88.7 ± 29.9a | 64.8 ± 21.2b |
| Total income (US$/farm/year) | 2650 | 2007 | 2001 | 4371 | 3665 |
Means in the same column with a different superscript differ significantly (P < 0.05); NS not significant. Source: Survey (2015).
Note: 1 US$ = 13385 IDR in August 2017; [Total income = Net dairy income + Net income from other activity]. [Net dairy income = Total milk sales + Cows sales + Calves sales + Manure sales − (Cost of feed + Cost of vet services + Financial cost of credit reimbursement + Cost of hired labor + Cost of rented land)].
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