Issue |
Cah. Agric.
Volume 33, 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | 31 | |
Number of page(s) | 10 | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2024026 | |
Published online | 07 November 2024 |
Article de recherche / Research Article
Agriculture industrielle, agriculture biologique et agroécologie : regards croisés Europe-Inde
Industrial agriculture, organic farming and agroecology: Europe-India cross-perspectives
1
CIRAD, UMR CIRED, Paris, France
2
Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, UMR LADYSS, Paris, France
3
Plan bleu (PNUE), Marseille, France
4
Université de Nanterre, UMR LAVUE, Institut Français de Pondichéry et CESAH, Paris, France
* Auteur correspondant : bruno.dorin@cirad.fr
L’Union européenne et l’Union indienne ont industrialisé leur agriculture et leur alimentation depuis les années 1960. Elles mesurent aujourd’hui l’insoutenabilité d’un tel régime sociotechnique pour la santé des hommes et des écosystèmes. Elles formulent des vœux de « transition agroécologique » qui, en Europe, passent d’abord par l’Agriculture biologique (AB). Mais force est de constater que celle-ci est à la peine du fait de moindres rendements et de prix plus élevés. En Inde, ce modèle et d’autres sont aussi expérimentés. Celui de l’Agriculture naturelle (NF, Natural Farming) en Andhra Pradesh s’avère particulièrement prometteur. Notre regard comparatif permet, entre autres, de présenter les conditions d’émergence des deux formes alternatives d’agriculture (AB et NF), puis de montrer pourquoi le caractère véritablement agroécologique de l’Agriculture naturelle la rend plus performante en Inde car complètement émancipée du régime industriel énergivore de spécialisation-standardisation fondé sur quelques productions à grande échelle.
Abstract
The European Union and the Indian Union have industrialised their agriculture and food since the 1960s. They are now realising that such a sociotechnical regime is unsustainable for the health of humans and ecosystems. They are calling for an "agroecological transition" which, in Europe, primarily means Organic Farming (OF). Yet organic farming is struggling due to lower yields and higher prices. In India, this model and others are also being tested. The Natural Farming (NF) programme in Andhra Pradesh is proving particularly promising. Our comparative approach presents the conditions for the emergence of the two alternative forms of agriculture (OF and NF), then shows why the true agroecological trait of Natural Farming makes it more performative in India due to its complete emancipation from the energy-intensive and jobless industrial regime of specialization in a few large-scale productions.
Mots clés : Europe / Inde / agriculture biologique / agriculture naturelle / agroécologie
Key words: Europe / India / organic farming / natural farming / agroecology
© B. Dorin et al., Hosted by EDP Sciences 2024
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY-NC (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, except for commercial purposes, provided the original work is properly cited.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.